Lead optimization is a diversified operation in drug discovery, in which the chemical structures of compounds or biologics are modified to improve target’s specificity, selectivity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties to generate preclinical drug candidates. In order to understand the need for lead optimization, it is important to determine the basic characteristics of leads, and in order to make a compound a drug sample, at least five basic attributes need to be considered including potency, bioavailability, duration, safety, and pharmaceutical acceptability. lead identification and optimization https://www.solutions.bocsci.com/lead-optimization.htm